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Canada’s History

Question 1 of 159

When Europeans explored Canada, they discovered that all regions were already occupied by native peoples, whom they called "Indians" because:

Question 2 of 159

How did Europeans affect the native way of life in Canada?

Question 3 of 159

Before the arrival of Europeans, natives peoples:

Question 4 of 159

Who were the first people to live in Canada?

Question 5 of 159

Who were the first Europeans to settle in Canada?

Question 6 of 159

What did the Huron-Wendat and Iroquois do for survival?

Question 7 of 159

Among native peoples, who were primarily hunter-gatherers?

Question 8 of 159

Which of the following natives were nomadic and followed the bison herds for food, clothing, and shelter?

Question 9 of 159

Which of the following natives lived off Arctic wildlife?

Question 10 of 159

How did West Coast natives preserve fish for trade and sustenance?

Question 11 of 159

Despite hardships, what bonds did Aboriginals and Europeans form during their first 200 years of coexistence?

Question 12 of 159

Who was the first European to map Canada’s Atlantic shore?

Question 13 of 159

When did English settlement in Newfoundland begin?

Question 14 of 159

Which European explorer was the first to navigate the St. Lawrence River and to set eyes on present-day Québec City and Montreal?

Question 15 of 159

Who were the first Europeans to reach Labrador and Newfoundland around 1,000 years ago?

Question 16 of 159

What is the name of the Viking settlement in Newfoundland that is now a World Heritage site?

Question 17 of 159

When did European exploration of Canada officially begin?

Question 18 of 159

Who led the expedition that marked the beginning of European exploration of Canada?

Question 19 of 159

Between 1534 and 1542, Jacques Cartier made three voyages across the Atlantic, claiming the land for:

Question 20 of 159

What is the origin of the name "Canada"?

Question 21 of 159

When did the name "Canada" start appearing on maps?

Question 22 of 159

In 1604, where did French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain establish the first European settlement north of Florida?

Question 23 of 159

In 1608, where did Samuel de Champlain build a fortress?

Question 24 of 159

Who fought against French settlements for over a century?

Question 25 of 159

In what year did the French and the Iroquois make peace?

Question 26 of 159

What led the French and Aboriginal people to work together in the fur trade?

Question 27 of 159

What was the main economy of the early Europeans settlers?

Question 28 of 159

What was the primary industry that early companies in Canada competed in?

Question 29 of 159

In 1670, which company was granted exclusive trading rights over the Hudson Bay watershed?

Question 30 of 159

Who granted exclusive trading rights to the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670?

Question 31 of 159

Who were the men who traveled by canoe and formed alliances with First Nations?

Question 32 of 159

When did the English colonies along the Atlantic seaboard begin to form?

Question 33 of 159

Which two countries battled for control of North America in the 1700s?

Question 34 of 159

Who took control of North America in the 1700s?

Question 35 of 159

What was the name of Quebec before 1759?

Question 36 of 159

Which battle in 1759 ended France’s empire in America?

Question 37 of 159

Following the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Great Britain renamed the French colony:

Question 38 of 159

What were the French-speaking Catholic people known as?

Question 39 of 159

What act did the British Parliament pass in 1774 to better govern the French Roman Catholic majority?

Question 40 of 159

What did the Quebec Act of 1774 allow that was not permitted in Britain at that time?

Question 41 of 159

The Quebec Act of 1774:

Question 42 of 159

In 1776, the 13 British colonies to the south of Quebec declared independence and formed:

Question 43 of 159

Who were known as the "United Empire Loyalists"?

Question 44 of 159

Who led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada during the American Revolution?

Question 45 of 159

During the American Revolution, how many Black Loyalists, freedmen, and slaves came north seeking a better life?

Question 46 of 159

In 1792, where did some black Nova Scotians move to establish a new British colony for freed slaves?

Question 47 of 159

What was Count Frontenac’s famous reply when asked to surrender Quebec to the English in 1690?

Question 48 of 159

Who was Pierre Le Moyne, aka Sieur d’Iberville, and what was he known for?

Question 49 of 159

What did Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester) do as Governor of Quebec?

Question 50 of 159

Where was the first representative assembly in Canada elected?

Question 51 of 159

When was the first representative assembly in Canada elected?

Question 52 of 159

What did the Constitutional Act of 1791 do to the Province of Quebec?

Question 53 of 159

When was the Constitutional Act passed?

Question 54 of 159

After the Constitutional Act of 1791, which part of the Province of Quebec was mainly Protestant and English-speaking?

Question 55 of 159

After the Constitutional Act of 1791, which part of Quebec was mainly Catholic and French-speaking?

Question 56 of 159

What did the Constitutional Act of 1791 give to Upper and Lower Canada for the first time?

Question 57 of 159

When did the name "Canada" become official?

Question 58 of 159

The Atlantic colonies and the two Canadas were collectively known as:

Question 59 of 159

Who was the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada?

Question 60 of 159

Who founded the City of York, now known as Toronto?

Question 61 of 159

Who was an anti-slavery activist and the first woman publisher in Canada?

Question 62 of 159

In 1793, who led Upper Canada to become the first province in the British Empire to move toward abolishing slavery?

Question 63 of 159

When did the British Parliament abolish slavery throughout the Empire?

Question 64 of 159

How did thousands of slaves escape from the United States to Canada, following “the North Star”?

Question 65 of 159

What was the Underground Railroad that helped thousands of slaves escape to Canada?

Question 66 of 159

When were the first companies in Canada formed?

Question 67 of 159

Which company dominated the fur trade in early Canadian history?

Question 68 of 159

The Montreal Stock Exchange opened in:

Question 69 of 159

When did the first financial institutions open in Canada?

Question 70 of 159

How did Canada’s democratic institutions develop?

Question 71 of 159

For centuries, Canada’s economy was based mainly on:

Question 72 of 159

In 1805, Napoleon Bonaparte's fleet was defeated in:

Question 73 of 159

Why did the United States invade Canada in June 1812?

Question 74 of 159

When did the United States launch its invasion of Canada?

Question 75 of 159

Why is the War of 1812 important to Canada?

Question 76 of 159

The War of 1812 was fought between:

Question 77 of 159

Who captured Detroit in July during the War of 1812?

Question 78 of 159

By 1814, the American attempt to conquer Canada:

Question 79 of 159

In 1813, who made a dangerous 19-mile journey on foot to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon of an American attack?

Question 80 of 159

Who defeated Napoleon in 1815 and played a direct role in founding Canada's national capital?

Question 81 of 159

What happened to the armed rebellions that occurred in 1837–38 in Montreal and Toronto?

Question 82 of 159

Why did the British government send Lord Durham to Canada?

Question 83 of 159

According to Lord Durham, what was the quickest way for the Canadiens to achieve progress?

Question 84 of 159

Which reformers from the 1837–38 rebellions later became Fathers of Confederation?

Question 85 of 159

What is meant by the term “responsible government”?

Question 86 of 159

What does "Confederation" mean?

Question 87 of 159

What levels of government were created by the Fathers of Confederation between 1864 and 1867?

Question 88 of 159

What happened to Upper and Lower Canada in 1840?

Question 89 of 159

Which of the following are the Fathers of Confederation?

Question 90 of 159

Which was the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government?

Question 91 of 159

When did Nova Scotia attain full responsible government?

Question 92 of 159

Who introduced responsible government in United Canada in 1848–49?

Question 93 of 159

Who was a champion of French language rights in Canada and became the first leader of a responsible government?

Question 94 of 159

When did Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine become the first head of a responsible government in Canada?

Question 95 of 159

What were the representatives who helped create the new country of Canada called?

Question 96 of 159

What two new provinces were created from the split of the Province of Canada in 1864-67?

Question 97 of 159

Which provinces together formed the new country called the "Dominion of Canada" in 1867?

Question 98 of 159

What was the name of the new country formed in 1867, now known as Canada?

Question 99 of 159

The British Parliament passed the British North America Act in:

Question 100 of 159

On what date was the Dominion of Canada officially born?

Question 101 of 159

What was the significance of the British North America Act of 1867?

Question 102 of 159

Today, July 1 is celebrated as:

Question 103 of 159

Who suggested the term "Dominion of Canada" in 1864?

Question 104 of 159

What inspired Sir Leonard Tilley to suggest the term "Dominion of Canada"?

Question 105 of 159

When did King George V assign Canada’s national colours of white and red?

Question 106 of 159

Whose face appeared on Canada’s $1 bill in 1923?

Question 107 of 159

Which province joined the Dominion of Canada in 1949?

Question 108 of 159

Which territory was created and joined Canada in 1999?

Question 109 of 159

When Canada took over the vast northwest region from the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1869, the 12,000 Métis of the Red River were not consulted. In response to this, Louis Riel:

Question 110 of 159

Louis Riel is also known as:

Question 111 of 159

The North West Mounted Police (NWMP) was established by Prime Minister Macdonald in:

Question 112 of 159

Today, the North West Mounted Police is known as:

Question 113 of 159

Today, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP or 'the Mounties') are:

Question 114 of 159

Who is a famous hero that came from the ranks of the Mounties?

Question 115 of 159

Who was Canada’s first Prime Minister?

Question 116 of 159

What date has Parliament recognized as Sir John A. Macdonald Day?

Question 117 of 159

Which bill has Sir John A. Macdonald's portrait?

Question 118 of 159

Who was the key architect of Confederation from Quebec?

Question 119 of 159

When was the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) completed?

Question 120 of 159

What does the Canadian Pacific Railway symbolize?

Question 121 of 159

Who helped build the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)?

Question 122 of 159

When did the Government of Canada apologize for the discriminatory policy against Chinese workers?

Question 123 of 159

Who became Canada’s first French-Canadian Prime Minister since Confederation?

Question 124 of 159

Which bill has Sir Wilfrid Laurier’s portrait?

Question 125 of 159

What made it possible for large numbers of immigrants, including Ukrainians, Poles, and others, to settle in Western Canada before 1914?

Question 126 of 159

How many Canadians served in the First World War out of a population of eight million?

Question 127 of 159

What nickname was given to the Canadian soldiers for their bravery after capturing Vimy Ridge in 1917?

Question 128 of 159

What day is celebrated as Vimy Day?

Question 129 of 159

Who was known as Canada's greatest soldier during World War I?

Question 130 of 159

When did the First World War end?

Question 131 of 159

What did the British Empire transform into after World War I?

Question 132 of 159

What was the movement called that fought for women's right to vote?

Question 133 of 159

Who was the founder of the women's suffrage movement in Canada?

Question 134 of 159

Which province was the first to grant voting rights to women in 1916?

Question 135 of 159

In what year were most Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over granted the right to vote in federal elections?

Question 136 of 159

Who became the first woman Member of Parliament (MP) in Canada?

Question 137 of 159

Who worked to secure the right to vote for women in Quebec in 1940?

Question 138 of 159

Who were the “Bluebirds” during the First World War?

Question 139 of 159

Who does the Vimy Memorial in France honor?

Question 140 of 159

On which day do Canadians remember the sacrifices of veterans and fallen soldiers in all wars?

Question 141 of 159

What is the meaning of the Remembrance Day poppy?

Question 142 of 159

When is Remembrance Day held in Canada?

Question 143 of 159

On Remembrance Day, what do Canadians wear and observe to honor the sacrifices of those who served in wars?

Question 144 of 159

How many Canadians have died in all wars to date?

Question 145 of 159

Who composed the poem "In Flanders Fields" in 1915?

Question 146 of 159

Why were the 1920s called the "Roaring 20s"?

Question 147 of 159

What event in 1929 led to the Great Depression, also known as the "Dirty Thirties"?

Question 148 of 159

On the D-Day invasion, which beach did 15,000 Canadian troops capture from the German Army?

Question 149 of 159

What proportion of Allied soldiers on D-Day were Canadian?

Question 150 of 159

How many Canadians and Newfoundlanders served in the Second World War?

Question 151 of 159

Which Commonwealth country contributed the most to the Allied air effort during the Second World War?

Question 152 of 159

At the end of the Second World War, Canada had:

Question 153 of 159

When did the Government of Canada apologize for the wrongs done to Japanese Canadians during wartime?

Question 154 of 159

What year marks the Confederation of Canada?

Question 155 of 159

What was the “Head Tax”?

Question 156 of 159

Which trade spread across Canada, making it important to the economy for over 300 years?

Question 157 of 159

Why is the Battle of Vimy Ridge important to Canadians?

Question 158 of 159

In which period did Canada’s economy and industry experience a boom?

Question 159 of 159

Who recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given a responsible government?

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